Bladder Stones

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Bladder stones, composed of uric acid, require many years to

form and may reach unbelievably large sizes (baseball size is not

rare).  Desert tortoises are prone to this condition because of

the urinary bladder's function of storage and resorption of

water.  Particles of uric acid gradually accumulate within the

bladder over years.  When these stones become large enough to

irritate the bladder lining, mechanically impair urination,

interfere with walking or cause pain, most tortoise owners

become suspicious that something is wrong.  The diagnosis is

confirmed with x-rays.  Correction involves surgical removal of

the stone.  The bottom shell must be opened and the body cavity

and urinary bladder explored.  This is a very complicated

procedure and must be performed by an experienced veterinary

surgeon.