Wild Tortoise Habitat --------------------- In the desert environment, the desert tortoise has adapted well to the extreme changes of climate. These reptiles dig and inhabit large burrows for protection against the intense daytime sun. These same burrows are used for sleeping at night and for hibernation. Desert tortoises have modified their behavior to survive in different environments. Tortoises in Utah may migrate to summer or winter ranges. Those in Arizona, where the winters are not as harsh, may not dig burrows of their own but may, instead, share those of ground squirrels. In Sonora, Mexico, the tortoises often do not burrow at all because the winters there are mild. Desert tortoises are nomadic animals. They wander great distances, even under conditions of intense heat, but they usually retreat to their burrows at midday. The moisture in the depth of their burrows helps prevent dehydration. Despite their nomadic habits, desert tortoises are territorial and may fight to the death with an intruding desert tortoise. Wild desert tortoises eat a wide variety of grasses, wild flowers, and high-protein plants. Water is consumed in large quantities during the spring (rain and flood) season. They can store water in their urinary bladder and resorb whatever water is required for metabolic needs during periods of water scarcity. The only other available sources of water during dry times are the plants consumed and the morning dew on plant surfaces. A wild desert tortoise, when disturbed, may urinate to discourage an attacker. Having done so, this same tortoise may be left in a precarious position without this reservoir of stored water. This is one of many good reasons why onlookers should not disturb wild tortoises. The desert tortoise mating season is in May and June and is often preceded by protracted combat between males. Nesting commonly takes place in June and July. The incubation period for the eggs is variable and temperature dependent (70-120 days; average of 90 days).