Reproductive Problems (Other than Egg-Binding)

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Erections in Males:  Erections of the penis, which occur most

often during the mating season, may be cause for concern to the

novice observer.  This condition is perfectly normal, and is

most often confused with an organ prolapse (see prolapses).



PARAPHIMOSIS:  Occasionally, the erect penis remains fully

engorged and cannot be retracted.  This condition is called

paraphimosis.  Veterinary intervention is necessary in these

cases to prevent permanent damage to the penis.



PENILE PARALYSIS:  A water turtle's penis sometimes becomes

paralyzed.  The cause of this condition is unknown.  In such

cases, the exposed and vulnerable penis may be mutilated by

other turtles.  The penis can sometimes be replaced into the

turtle's cloaca.  Usually, however, the penis must be

amputated.  This creates no problems for the turtle other than

the inability to copulate because this organ is not used for

urination.