Exophthalmos

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                      General Information



Exophthalmos is an excessive protrusion and exposure of the

eyeball.  It is considered normal in the small, flat-nosed

breeds with prominent eyes, and the condition remains throughout

life.  As long as the eyes are not damaged, no correction is

required.  In some cases, the front of the eyeball is damaged by

exposure and dryness.  Occasionally the eyes protrude so much

that the eyelids cannot close completely during blinking and

sleeping, and serious corneal damage results.



A type of exophthalmos called transient exophthalmos may occur

in young German Shepherds, but it corrects itself as the pup

matures.  Rarely is treatment required.



Causes of abnormal exophthalmos include abcesses, tumors and

salivary cysts.  However, it may be difficult to find the cause.

Radiographs (x-rays), laboratory tests, aspiration techniques

(fluid drawn through a needle) and surgical removal of tissue for

microscopic study may be used for diagnosis.



                 Important Points in Treatment



1.  Treatment is based upon the cause, the patient's condition

    and age, and the extent of the problems.  Treatment may

    include hospitalization, use of antibiotics, supportive

    therapy or surgery.



2.  A general anesthetic is usually required for treatment of

    exophthalmos.  Pre-operative tests to evaluate your pet's

    condition also are usually required.



3.  Your pet's teeth may be contributing to exophthalmos.

    Dentistry may be included in the treatment.



        Notify the Doctor if Any of the Following Occur:



    * The condition remains the same or worsens.



    * You cannot apply the prescribed medication.