Normal Gestation in Dogs

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                      General Information



Gestation is the period when the young are developing in the

mother's uterus.  In dogs, gestation normally lasts 9 weeks (63

days).  However, puppies may be delivered between 58 and 68

days.



                     Diagnosis of Pregnancy



There are no practical blood or urine tests available to confirm

pregnancy in the dog.  The earliest possible time of diagnosis

may be 26-35 days after breeding, when the doctor may be able to

detect pregnancy by feeling the abdomen.  Diagnosis by

radiographs (x-rays) is usually possible after 45 days.



                        Physical Changes



During the first 5 weeks of pregnancy, there are few noticeable

changes.  After the 5th week, you may notice weight gain,

especially with large litters.  If only 1 or 2 puppies are

present, the mother may gain little weight until shortly before

birth.  Abdominal enlargement is generally obvious in the last 3

weeks.



The mammary glands may begin to enlarge as early as the 35th day,

but usually development is not obvious until 45 days.  Milk may

be present as early as 7-9 days before delivery, but usually it

is not produced until 1-2 days before delivery.



                       Behavioral Changes



During pregnancy, the female dog may show a change in behavior,

especially in the last few weeks.  As the uterus enlarges with

the developing puppies, your pet may become restless, seek

seclusion and in the last few days, soil the house.  She may

shred papers, blankets or bedding in an attempt at nest building

in the last weeks.  During the last 2 weeks, your pet may become

irritable and should avoid contact with small children.



                           Nutrition



Good nutrition is essential for healthy puppies and mothers.

During the first 4 weeks, nutritional needs change little, but

feeding high-protein supplements, such as eggs, lean muscle

meats or liver, is a good practice.



During the last 5 weeks, your dog's nutritional needs nearly

double.  Feed increased amounts of food in several small meals

each day.  Fresh water should always be available, since fluid

needs are greatly increased.  The doctor may recommend a special

diet and/or vitamins.



    Special dietary recommendations:





                            Exercise



Moderate exercise is the proper approach.  Neither forced rest

nor strenuous exercise is a good idea.  Short periods of gentle

play and short walks are good.